ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE: A PHARMACEUTICAL PERSPECTIVE
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become one of the most serious threats to global public health, significantly limiting the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has created major challenges for pharmaceutical research, clinical practice, and healthcare systems worldwide. This article aims to analyze antibiotic resistance from a pharmaceutical perspective, focusing on its causes, clinical implications, and strategies for prevention and control.
A systematic review of international scientific literature published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using major academic databases. The findings indicate that irrational antibiotic use, inadequate regulatory control, and the slow development of new antimicrobial agents are the primary factors contributing to resistance. The results also demonstrate that pharmaceutical interventions, including antimicrobial stewardship programs, rational prescribing, dosage optimization, and patient education, play a crucial role in reducing resistance development.
Furthermore, the study highlights the growing importance of innovative pharmaceutical approaches such as drug repurposing, combination therapy, and artificial intelligence–based drug discovery. These strategies offer promising solutions for improving antibiotic effectiveness and supporting sustainable antimicrobial therapy.
In conclusion, antibiotic resistance requires a comprehensive pharmaceutical response that integrates scientific innovation, professional pharmaceutical care, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure effective infection management and long-term public health protection.
Keywords
antibiotic resistance, pharmaceutical science, antimicrobial stewardship, rational drug use, drug development, public health
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