INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEMS AND THEIR CHANGES
Abstract
This scientific article analyzes the formation, development stages, and modern trends of international monetary systems. The economic essence, advantages, and disadvantages of the Gold Standard System, the Bretton Woods System, and the Jamaica Monetary System are explained in detail. In addition, the effects of globalization, the dominance of the US dollar, the emergence of the euro, and digital currencies on the international financial system are examined. The article also discusses the role of international financial institutions and Uzbekistan’s participation in the international monetary system.
Keywords
international monetary system, gold standard, Bretton Woods system, Jamaica system, international finance, exchange rate, dollar, euro, SDR, digital currency. Introduction
References
- Karimov I.A. World Financial and Economic Crisis and Ways to Overcome It. Tashkent, 2009.
- Abdullayeva Sh.Z. International Finance. Tashkent: Iqtisod-Moliya, 2021.
- Vahobov A.V. International Monetary and Credit Relations. Tashkent, 2020.
- Krugman P., Obstfeld M. International Economics: Theory and Policy. Pearson Education, 2020.
- Mishkin F. The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets. Pearson, 2019.
- International Monetary Fund materials.
- World Bank statistical data.
- Materials of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan.