DENTAL CALCULUS AND CLEANING

Abstract

Dental calculus, commonly referred to as tartar, is a hardened deposit that forms on the teeth due to the accumulation and mineralization of dental plaque. This condition is one of the most frequent oral health problems and affects both children and adults worldwide. Dental calculus can appear above the gum line (supragingival) or below the gum line (subgingival), and it often leads to inflammation of the gums, periodontal disease, bad breath, and tooth decay if left untreated. Its formation is influenced by multiple factors, including oral hygiene habits, diet, saliva composition, genetic predisposition, and lifestyle.

Regular oral hygiene practices, such as proper brushing and flossing, play a significant role in preventing the accumulation of plaque and the subsequent formation of dental calculus. However, once calculus has hardened, it cannot be removed by brushing alone and requires professional dental cleaning, such as scaling and polishing, performed by a dentist or dental hygienist. The removal of dental calculus is essential not only for maintaining oral health but also for preventing systemic health problems, as periodontal disease has been linked to cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, and other chronic diseases.

Scientific studies have shown that the frequency of dental calculus increases with age, and individuals with inadequate oral hygiene are at higher risk. Diet also contributes to calculus formation; foods high in sugars and starches promote plaque accumulation, which eventually mineralizes into tartar. Moreover, tobacco use and certain medical conditions can accelerate the development of dental calculus. Preventive measures, including routine dental check-ups, professional cleanings, and patient education about oral hygiene, are crucial in controlling tartar buildup and promoting long-term dental health.

In conclusion, dental calculus is a common but preventable oral health issue. Maintaining proper oral hygiene, avoiding risk factors, and seeking regular professional dental care are key strategies in preventing and managing tartar formation. Awareness of the causes and consequences of dental calculus can help individuals maintain a healthy oral environment, prevent periodontal disease, and support overall systemic health.