ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION ON THE INCIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN THE POPULATION OF FERGANA

Abstract

Ambient air pollution represents one of the most significant environmental risk factors affecting population health, particularly in urbanized regions. Long-term exposure to airborne pollutants has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to assess the impact of ambient air pollution on the incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among the population of Fergana city. A retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted using air quality monitoring data and official medical statistics. Concentrations of major air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO), were analyzed in relation to morbidity indicators. The results demonstrated a statistically significant association between elevated pollutant concentrations and increased incidence of chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The findings highlight the medical–ecological importance of air quality improvement and support the need for preventive environmental and hygienic measures.