THE CRISIS OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM IN EUROPE AND THE BEGINNING OF THE MODERN AGE

Abstract

This article explores the decline of the feudal system in Europe and the subsequent rise of the modern age. It analyzes the political, economic, social, and intellectual factors that led to the collapse of feudal structures and the emergence of centralized states, capitalist economies, and humanist ideologies. The study argues that the combination of internal contradictions within feudalism and external pressures, such as technological changes and global exploration, accelerated the transformation of European society.